Field Notes — Fauna Specimen Collection

Land & Garden Field Guide

33 species catalogued. Lizards, frogs, butterflies, and insects found across Miami Beach — native treasures and invasive newcomers alike.

“Look down before you step. Look up before you sit.”

Classification Key
NATIVENative Florida species
INVASIVENon-native, established
TOXICHandle with extreme caution
SAFEHarmless to handle

Lizards of Miami Beach

9 species

From tiny reef geckos to 6-foot iguanas — they're on every wall, tree, and sidewalk.

Identification Comparison
NATIVEGreen Anole
Anolis carolinensis
Body green
Dewlap pink
Stressed brown
  • PINK dewlap (throat fan) — key difference from brown anoles
  • Longer, more pointed snout than brown anole
  • Usually found HIGHER on trees and walls (4+ feet up)
INVASIVEBrown Anole
Anolis sagrei
Body brown
Dewlap orange
Dorsal stripe
  • ORANGE-RED dewlap with yellow border
  • Found LOW — ground level, sidewalks, base of walls
  • Rougher, more textured skin than green anoles
Where to Look
GB
Green = high in trees (4+ ft)
Brown = ground & low walls
Green anoles are evolving larger toe pads in real time to grip higher branches — competition with brown anoles is driving evolution right here in Miami Beach.
INVASIVE
Anolis equestris

Knight Anole

Body green
Side stripe
Eye ring blue
Dewlap pink
13–20 inches total — the largest anole in Florida
Where to spot

High in tree canopies — royal palms, large shade trees, and mature landscaping. Found throughout Mia...

Knight anoles are strong enough to eat smaller lizards and tree frogs whole. They've been documented eating Monarch butt...
INVASIVE
Leiocephalus carinatus

Northern Curly-Tailed Lizard

Body gray
Dark bands
Belly pale
7–11 inches total
Where to spot

Rocky areas, seawalls, parking lots, sidewalk cracks, and building foundations. Very common along th...

Curly-tailed lizards were deliberately introduced to Florida in the 1940s to control sugar cane pests. They instead spre...
INVASIVE
Hemidactylus mabouia

Tropical House Gecko

Body pink-gray
Mottled dark
Belly translucent
4–5 inches total
Where to spot

Exterior walls of buildings, around porch lights, window frames, and any lit surface at night. The g...

House geckos have displaced the native reef gecko from most of Miami Beach. They arrived from Africa and are now the dom...
NATIVE
Sphaerodactylus notatus

Reef Gecko

Body brown
Spots light
Head stripes
2–2.5 inches total — one of the smallest reptiles in North America
Where to spot

Under leaf litter, fallen bark, debris, and in rock crevices. The Florida Keys and coastal hammocks....

The reef gecko is so small that a single egg (they lay one at a time) is the size of a pea. It's Florida's smallest nati...
INVASIVE
Gekko gecko

Tokay Gecko

Body blue-gray
Spots orange
Eyes gold
10–14 inches total — the largest gecko in Florida
Where to spot

Building walls, palm tree trunks, and large trees. Nocturnal. Established in small populations aroun...

Tokay geckos have one of the strongest bites relative to body size of any lizard. In Southeast Asia, they are considered...
INVASIVE
Iguana iguana

Green Iguana

Body green
Breeding orange
Tail bands
Mature gray
3–6 feet total including tail — the largest lizard in Miami Beach
Where to spot

Seawalls, canal banks, trees overhanging water, park lawns, rooftops, and swimming pool decks. Extre...

During cold snaps below 40°F, iguanas become immobilized and fall from trees — Floridians call it 'raining iguanas.' FWC...
INVASIVE
Anolis distichus

Florida Bark Anole

Body bark
Chevrons dark
Dewlap yellow
4–5 inches total
Where to spot

Tree trunks, especially rough-barked trees like oaks and palms. Found on bark surfaces from ground l...

Bark anoles from Hispaniola have evolved slightly different dewlap colors on different parts of the island — genetic stu...

Frogs & Toads

7 species

After sunset the chorus begins. Learn who's singing — and who's dangerous.

!!
PET EMERGENCYCane Toad
Rhinella marina4–9+ inches — much larger than any native toad
If your dog mouths a cane toad:
  1. Rinse mouth sideways with hose (NOT down throat) for 10 min
  2. Wipe gums with a wet cloth
  3. Rush to emergency vet immediately
Signs: drooling, pawing at mouth, brick-red gums, seizures
Body tan
Glands dark
Belly pale
ID tip: Large (4–9+ inches), dry warty skin, huge kidney-shaped glands behind eyes. A low, steady, motorboat-like purring trill — 'brrrrrrrrr' — lasting 10–20 seconds. Deep and resonant, audible from a distance.
INVASIVETOXIC
Osteopilus septentrionalis

Cuban Tree Frog

Green phase
Gray phase
Brown phase
Call

A harsh, raspy, squeaking sound — like someone rubbing a balloon. Repeated rapidly. Very loud during and after rain.

1.5–5.5 inches — the largest tree frog in North America
Cuban tree frogs eat Florida's native tree frogs — they are the single biggest threat to native frogs in South Florida. ...
NATIVE
Hyla cinerea

Green Tree Frog

Body green
Side stripe
Belly white
Call

A clear, bell-like 'queenk-queenk-queenk' repeated up to 75 times per minute. Musical and pleasant — like a tiny cowbell.

1.25–2.5 inches
Green tree frogs are called 'rain frogs' because they call most loudly before and during rain storms — they can sense th...
NATIVE
Hyla squirella

Squirrel Tree Frog

Green phase
Brown phase
Spotted
Call

A nasal, duck-like raspy quack — 'waaak, waaak, waaak.' Short and repeated. Often calls from rain gutters and window ledges.

0.9–1.6 inches
Squirrel tree frogs get their name not from eating squirrels but from their scolding call, which sounds like an angry sq...
NATIVE
Anaxyrus terrestris

Southern Toad

Body brown
Warts dark
Belly cream
Call

A high-pitched, musical trill lasting 2–8 seconds — like a tiny electric buzzer. Repeated steadily on warm, rainy nights.

1.5–4.5 inches
Southern toads are important to distinguish from invasive cane toads — southern toads have prominent cranial knobs betwe...
INVASIVE
Eleutherodactylus planirostris

Greenhouse Frog

Body reddish
Stripes dark
Belly light
Call

Soft, high-pitched insect-like chirps — 'tink-tink-tink.' Easily mistaken for a cricket. Calls from hidden spots in leaf litter.

0.6–1.25 inches — often mistaken for a cricket or roach at first glance
Unlike most frogs, greenhouse frogs skip the tadpole stage entirely — fully formed miniature froglets hatch directly fro...
NATIVE
Gastrophryne carolinensis

Eastern Narrow-Mouthed Toad

Body gray-brown
Belly mottled
Fold dark
Call

A buzzy, nasal, sheep-like bleat — 'baaaaaaa' — lasting 1–4 seconds. Surprisingly loud for such a tiny animal. Choruses can sound like an electric razor.

0.9–1.3 inches
Narrow-mouthed toads live with fire ants — they eat the ants and their skin secretions repel the ants from biting them. ...

Beneficial Insects

10 species

Garden friends — encourage, don't fear.

STATE BUTTERFLY
Heliconius charithonia

Zebra Longwing Butterfly

Florida's official state butterfly — elongated black wings with bold yellow stripes, flying in slow, graceful loops through gardens.

Role: pollinator · Year-round in South Florida; most active March through November.
Zebra longwings roost communally at night — the same group returns to the same branch every evening, sometimes dozens together.
pollinator
Danaus plexippus

Monarch Butterfly

Iconic orange-and-black migrant that passes through Miami Beach on its annual journey between Mexico and eastern North America.

Peak migration through South Florida October–November (southbound) and March–April (northbound).
A single monarch can fly up to 3,000 miles during migration, navigating using the sun and Earth's magnetic field....
pollinator
Agraulis vanillae

Gulf Fritillary

Bright orange butterfly with elongated wings that flash silver-spotted undersides in flight — one of Miami Beach's most common garden visitors.

Year-round, peaking spring through fall.
The brilliant silver spots on the underwings are structural — they reflect light rather than relying on pigment, making ...
predator
Pachydiplax longipennis

Blue Dasher Dragonfly

Powdery blue male with amber-tinted wings, perching on plant tips near water and darting out to snatch mosquitoes mid-flight.

Year-round; most abundant April through October.
A single dragonfly can eat 30 to hundreds of mosquitoes per day — they are one of the most effective natural mosquito co...
predator
Chrysoperla rufilabris

Green Lacewing

Delicate pale-green insect with lace-like transparent wings and golden eyes, drawn to porch lights at night.

Year-round; adults more visible spring and summer.
Lacewing larvae are called 'aphid lions' — a single larva devours up to 200 aphids per week, making them a gardener's be...
predator
Hippodamia convergens

Convergent Lady Beetle

Classic red-and-black spotted beetle that congregates on garden plants, voraciously consuming aphids and scale insects.

Year-round in South Florida's mild climate.
A single ladybug eats up to 5,000 aphids in its lifetime. They release a foul-smelling yellow fluid from their joints wh...
predator
Stagmomantis carolina

Carolina Mantis

Camouflaged ambush predator that sways gently to mimic a leaf in the breeze, striking prey in under 50 milliseconds.

Adults most visible late summer through fall; egg cases overwinter.
The mantis is the only insect that can turn its head 180 degrees to scan for prey — it has 3D binocular vision like huma...
pollinator
Apis mellifera

Western Honeybee

Fuzzy golden-brown bee with a pollen-dusted body, buzzing methodically between blossoms in Miami Beach gardens.

Year-round; peak foraging spring and summer.
Honeybees communicate the location of flowers through a 'waggle dance' — the angle and duration encode distance and dire...
decomposer
Romalea microptera

Eastern Lubber Grasshopper

Massive 3-inch grasshopper in bold yellow and black, lumbering through gardens — too heavy to fly, it walks everywhere.

Nymphs emerge February–March; adults persist through fall. Peak visibility spring and summer.
When threatened, lubbers hiss by expelling air through spiracles and secrete a foul-smelling foam — their bright colors ...
predator
Photinus pyralis

Lightning Bug

Soft-bodied beetle that produces magical green-yellow flashes at dusk, signaling to mates across dark garden spaces.

Late spring through summer evenings; peak June and July.
Firefly light is the most efficient light ever measured — nearly 100% of the energy becomes light with almost zero heat,...

Insects to Avoid

7 species

Know how to identify these — and where they hide.

MILD
Centruroides gracilis

Florida Bark Scorpion

Slender reddish-brown scorpion up to 4 inches long, hiding under bark, debris, and in dark crevices throughout South Florida.

Symptoms

Sharp stinging pain at the site, localized swelling and redness. Similar to a wasp sting. Rarely serious for healthy adults.

Treatment

Clean with soap and water, apply ice. Over-the-counter pain relief. Seek medical attention if symptoms spread or for young children.

Where they hide

Under loose bark, fallen palm fronds, landscape timbers, and inside sheds or garages. Found island-wide wherever debris accumulates.

SEVERE
Loxosceles reclusa

Brown Recluse Spider

Small tan-brown spider with a distinctive violin-shaped marking on its back, rarely seen because it hides in undisturbed dark spaces.

Symptoms

Bite may not be felt initially. Develops into a red, blistering wound over 2–8 hours. Can cause tissue necrosis (a spreading dead-tissue ulcer) in severe cases.

Treatment

Seek medical attention promptly. Clean the wound, apply ice, elevate the area. Do not apply heat or attempt to cut/suction the bite.

Where they hide

Storage boxes, closets, garages, and rarely-disturbed areas. Not common outdoors in Miami Beach but occasionally found in buildings.

SEVERE
Latrodectus mactans

Southern Black Widow

Jet-black spider with a glossy abdomen bearing the unmistakable red hourglass — builds messy, irregular webs in sheltered spots.

Symptoms

Intense pain at bite site within minutes, spreading muscle cramps, abdominal pain, nausea, sweating, and elevated blood pressure.

Treatment

Seek immediate medical attention. Apply ice to slow venom spread. Antivenom is available for severe cases. Keep the patient calm.

Where they hide

Under outdoor furniture, meter boxes, wood piles, and garden debris. Prefers undisturbed sheltered spots throughout Miami Beach.

MODERATE
Acharia stimulea

Saddleback Caterpillar

Bizarre slug-like caterpillar in bright green with a brown saddle-shaped patch, bristling with venomous spines at both ends.

Symptoms

Immediate intense burning, stinging pain on contact. Red welts and rash at the sting site. Some people experience nausea and headache.

Treatment

Apply adhesive tape to the skin and peel off to remove embedded spines. Wash with soap and water. Apply ice and hydrocortisone cream. Seek help for allergic reactions.

Where they hide

Undersides of leaves on palms, ornamental shrubs, and garden plants. Found on landscaping throughout Miami Beach parks and yards.

MODERATE
Solenopsis invicta

Red Imported Fire Ant

Aggressive reddish-brown ant that builds conspicuous mound nests and swarms attackers in coordinated waves, stinging repeatedly.

Symptoms

Multiple fiery stings producing immediate burning pain. White pustules develop within 24 hours. Allergic individuals may experience anaphylaxis.

Treatment

Brush ants off quickly (don't slap — it triggers more stinging). Wash with soap and water. Apply antihistamine cream. Call 911 for any breathing difficulty or swelling.

Where they hide

Lawns, park fields, sidewalk edges, and any open sunny ground. Extremely common in every park and yard across Miami Beach.

MODERATE
Automeris io

Io Moth Caterpillar

Bright lime-green caterpillar covered in clusters of branching venomous spines, feeding on a wide range of trees and shrubs.

Symptoms

Intense, immediate stinging and burning pain on skin contact. Red, swollen rash with white blotches. Pain can last several hours.

Treatment

Remove spines with adhesive tape. Wash area gently. Apply ice and topical antihistamine. Oral pain relievers if needed. Seek medical care if rash spreads.

Where they hide

Deciduous and tropical trees, garden shrubs, and hedgerows. Found across Miami Beach on a variety of host plants.

SEVERE
Megalopyge opercularis

Puss Caterpillar

Looks like a tiny furry toupee clinging to a leaf — soft tan-orange 'fur' conceals the most venomous caterpillar spines in North America.

Symptoms

Excruciating pain radiating from the contact point, often described as worse than a wasp sting. Grid-like rash pattern, nausea, headache, and rarely chest pain.

Treatment

Remove spines with adhesive tape immediately. Apply ice. Over-the-counter pain relief. Seek emergency medical care if pain is severe or systemic symptoms develop.

Where they hide

Oak and citrus trees, garden hedges, and ornamental plants. Occasionally found on structures near vegetation across Miami Beach.

Explore More of Miami Beach's Nature

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